Publications

Key Datasets and Publications are listed below.

KEY DATASETS

※ 04/07/25 UExP-FNN-U full surface ocean carbonate system dataset (See update to dataset below)

A joint dataset developed between two European Space Agency (ESA) projects; Ocean Carbon for Climate (OC4C; https://oceancarbon4climate.org/) and Satellite-based observations of Carbon in the Ocean: Pools, Fluxes and Exchanges (SCOPE; https://oceancarbon-scope.org/). The dataset extends the University of Exeter Physics Feed Forward Neural Network with Uncertainties (UExP-FNN-U) approach, originally developed within the EU project OceanICU (https://ocean-icu.eu/), to provide estimates of the full surface ocean carbonate system. Within the development there was a focus on climate quality datasets from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (https://climate.esa.int/en/), a careful consideration of the sea surface temperatures used to maintain consistency with the air-sea CO2 flux calculations, and a comprehensive uncertainty budget. These data are available open source on Zenodo (Ford et al. 2025; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15784426), and a manuscript is available to describe the dataset (Ford et al).

※ 08/12/25                         UEx-L-Eddies dataset : Global long-lived mesoscale eddies dataset, available on https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15689876

※ 26/09/26 NEW VERSION: UExP-FNN-U dataset

The team  released a new version of UExP-FNN-U dataset. This dataset (or components) are being used in the GCB2026, PHC and by other groups internationally. https://zenodo.org/records/22110725

KEY PUBLICATIONS

• Daniel J. Ford, Josh Blannin, Jennifer Watts, Andrew J. Watson, Peter Landschützer, Annika Jersild, Jamie D. Shutler. A Comprehensive Analysis of Air-Sea CO2 Flux Uncertainties Constructed From Surface Ocean Data Products. AGU. 2024. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GB008188
• Daniel J. Ford, Jamie D. Shutler, Katy L. Sheen, Gavin H. Tilstone, and Vassilis Kitidis. UEx-L-Eddies: Decadal and global long-lived mesoscale eddy trajectories with coincident air-sea CO2 fluxes and biogeochemical conditions. Earth System Science Data. 2025. https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2025-463/
• Fay, A. R., Heimdal, T. H., Acquaviva, V., Shaum, A. P., McKinley, G. A. Sensitivity of Ocean Carbon Sink Estimates to Rare Observations. Geophysical Research Letters – Wiley Online Library. 101025. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL117961
• Dong, Y., Yang, M., Bell, T.G. et al. Asymmetric bubble-mediated gas transfer enhances global ocean CO2 uptake. Nat Commun 16, 10595 (2025). 251225. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66652-5
• Ford, D. J., Kulk, G., Sathyendranath, S., and Shutler, J. D. Decadal and spatially complete global surface chlorophyll-a data record from satellite and BGC-Argo observations. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 569–584. 2026. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-569-2026
• Ford, D. J., Shutler, J. D., Sheen, K. L., Tilstone, G. H., and Kitidis, V. UEx-L-Eddies: decadal and global long-lived mesoscale eddy trajectories with coincident air–sea CO2 fluxes and environmental conditions. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 969–988. 2026. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-969-2026
• Ford, D.J., Shutler, J.D., Holding, T. et al. Recalculating the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) to a sea surface temperature climate data record. Sci Data (2026). 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07532-5
• Dong, Y., Jähne, B., Woolf, D. K., Krall, K. E., Yang, M., Czerski, H., et al. (2026). he role of bubbles in air-sea gas exchange: A critical review.. Reviews of Geophysics, 64, e2025RG000903. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RG000903